Timeline

The road from Han to Jin

The years that made and unmade the era, from the Yellow Turban Rebellion in 184 to the Jin conquest of Wu in 280.

  1. 184

    Yellow Turban Rebellion

    The Yellow Turban uprising shatters Han authority. Regional armies rise to suppress it, and the era of the warlords begins.

  2. 190

    The coalition against Dong Zhuo

    Regional governors form a coalition against Dong Zhuo, who holds the emperor. The coalition soon fractures, and the warlords turn on each other.

  3. 196

    Cao Cao receives the emperor at Xu

    Cao Cao escorts the fugitive emperor to Xu and governs in his name — holding the throne as a weapon against rival warlords.

  4. 198

    Lü Bu falls at Xiapi

    Cao Cao besieges and floods Xiapi. Lü Bu’s officers mutiny; on White Gate Tower he begs to serve Cao Cao, but Liu Bei reminds him of Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo. Lü Bu is strangled.

  5. 200

    Battle of Guandu

    Cao Cao burns Yuan Shao’s supply depot at Wuchao and breaks his larger army. The north is his within a few years.

  6. 207

    Liu Bei recruits Zhuge Liang

    Liu Bei visits the recluse Zhuge Liang three times and wins his service. The Longzhong plan sketches a three-way division of the realm.

  7. 208

    Battle of Red Cliffs

    The allied fleet of Sun Quan and Liu Bei burns Cao Cao’s armada on the Yangtze. The three-way division of the realm takes shape.

  8. 214

    Liu Bei takes Yi province

    Liu Bei takes Chengdu from Liu Zhang and gains a base in the west; Ma Chao defects to him on the march.

  9. 219

    Fancheng campaign and the fall of Guan Yu

    Guan Yu floods Yu Jin’s armies and shakes the realm, then loses everything when Lü Meng seizes his base by stealth. He is captured and executed.

  10. 220

    Cao Pi founds Wei

    Cao Cao dies in the spring; by winter his son Cao Pi accepts the Han emperor’s abdication. The Han dynasty ends after four centuries.

  11. 221

    Liu Bei proclaims the Han restoration

    Claiming to continue the Han line, Liu Bei takes the imperial title at Chengdu. His realm will be remembered as Shu-Han.

  12. 222

    Battle of Yiling

    Lu Xun holds for months, then burns Liu Bei’s string of camps in a single night. Liu Bei flees to Baidicheng.

  13. 223

    Liu Bei dies at Baidicheng

    Dying, Liu Bei entrusts his young heir and the realm to Zhuge Liang — and tells him to take the throne himself if the heir proves unfit.

  14. 229

    Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor

    Sun Quan takes the imperial title at Jianye. The three states — Wei, Shu-Han, and Wu — now all claim the mandate.

  15. 234

    Zhuge Liang dies at Wuzhang Plains

    On his fifth northern campaign against Sima Yi, Zhuge Liang dies in camp. Shu-Han’s offensives die with him.

  16. 249

    Sima Yi seizes power at Gaoping Tombs

    Sima Yi launches a coup while the regent Cao Shuang escorts the young emperor to the tombs. The Sima family now holds Wei.

  17. 263

    Wei conquers Shu-Han

    Wei armies march through the mountains and take Chengdu. Liu Bei’s realm ends after forty-two years.

  18. 280

    Jin conquers Wu

    The Jin dynasty, founded by Sima Yi’s grandson, sails down the Yangtze and takes Wu. The era of the three kingdoms closes.